{"id":2407,"date":"2024-09-10T18:57:07","date_gmt":"2024-09-10T18:57:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/psm.porcupinecolors.com\/?page_id=2407"},"modified":"2024-09-10T18:58:42","modified_gmt":"2024-09-10T18:58:42","slug":"dc-stray-current-interference","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/psm.porcupinecolors.com\/?page_id=2407","title":{"rendered":"DC (Stray Current) Interference"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2407\" class=\"elementor elementor-2407\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a3afc72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a3afc72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-thegem\"><div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4241477\" data-id=\"4241477\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67c92de elementor-widget-divider--view-line flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"67c92de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a61fbc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a61fbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>DC Stray Current Interference:<\/strong> D.C. systems may cause currents to flow in the earth or any other electrolyte, whether intentional or unintentional. A few examples of these systems include: d.c. traction systems, HVDC systems, PV power systems, geomagnetic interference, etc. When for personnel safety, earthing or equipotential bonding is necessary, special care shall be taken in order to avoid stray currents that may be leading to accelerated corrosion of supporting and third-party metallic infrastructure. Stray current corrosion refers to corrosion damage to metallic infrastructure resulting from DC flow other than in the intended circuit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b754b48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b754b48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-thegem\"><div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fa23df4\" data-id=\"fa23df4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7aa39f1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7aa39f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bbda53 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5bbda53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"title-h4\"><h4>Technical Consultancy:<\/h4><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e5abbd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e5abbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table_research2\"><ul><li>Holistic Modelling Approach using a mix of methods and software to model the stray current interactions of d.c. power systems under both static &amp; dynamic operation. Through a complete modelling suite, we provide the following engineering services:<ul><li>Impact Analysis on Supporting Infrastructure and third-party Assets<\/li><li>Design Review (including C.P., soil models, earthing systems, stray current collection systems)<\/li><li>Ensure Compliance with Applicable Standards &amp; Regulations<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9283d9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9283d9f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-thegem\"><div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8208cbf\" data-id=\"8208cbf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a13aa3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1a13aa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3af9ca elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3af9ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"title-h4\"><strong>List of Completed Projects:<\/strong><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9b4037 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b9b4037\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Stray Current Control and Design Assessment for Thessaloniki DC Metro System, ELEMKO, April 2013<\/li><li>Comparison of the steel and concrete sleeper stray current performance for a tram train project between Sheffield and Rotherham\u201d, Intertek UK and UK Network Rail, May 2015.<\/li><li>Dynamic Modelling for Diode-Bonded DC Traction Systems- Validation of Manchester\u2019s City Centre Single Tram Test\u201d, Intertek UK, October 2016.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23773fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23773fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-thegem\"><div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3df1c9b\" data-id=\"3df1c9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d1d6a7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2d1d6a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39c1652 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39c1652\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"title-h4\"><h4><strong>List of Relevant Peer-Reviewed Publications:<\/strong><\/h4><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d460bdd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d460bdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table_research2\"><ul><li>A. Dimitriou and <strong>C.A. Charalambous<\/strong>, \u201cDC Interference Modelling for Assessing the Impact of Sustained DC Faults of Grounded Photovoltaic Systems on Third-Party Infrastructure\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, DOI (identifier) 10.1109\/TIE.2018.2844841, May 2018.<\/li><li>A. Dimitriou, D. Buxton and <strong>C.A. Charalambous<\/strong>, \u201cStray Current Corrosion Blind Spots Inherent to PV Systems Fault Detection Mechanisms: Elaboration of a Novel Concept\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 3-11, Feb. 2018, 10.1109\/TPWRD.2016.2538789.<\/li><li><strong>C.A. Charalambous<\/strong> \u201cComprehensive Modelling to Allow Informed Calculation of DC Traction Systems\u2019 Stray Current Levels\u201d IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Volume 66, Issue 11, Pages: 9667-9677, Nov. 2017, 10.1109\/TVT.2017.2748988.<\/li><li><strong>C.A. Charalambous<\/strong>, P. Aylott and D. Buxton, \u201cStray Current Calculation and Monitoring in DC Mass-Transit Systems: Interpreting Calculations for Real-Life Conditions and Determining Appropriate Safety Margins\u201c, in IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 24-31, June 2016. doi: 10.1109\/MVT.2015.2477419<\/li><li>\u00a0<strong>C.A. Charalambous<\/strong>, A. Demetriou and N. D. Kokkinos, \u201cImpact of Photovoltaic-Oriented DC Stray Current Corrosion on Large-Scale Solar Farms\u2019 Grounding and Third-Party Infrastructure: Modeling and Assessment\u201c, in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 5421-5430, Nov.-Dec. 2015.<\/li><li><strong>C.A. Charalambous<\/strong> and Aylott, P., \u201cDynamic Stray Current Evaluations on Cut-and-Cover Sections of DC Metro Systems\u201d, Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, vol.63, no.8, pp.3530, 3538, Oct. 2014.<\/li><li><strong>Charalambous, C.A<\/strong>.; Cotton, I.; Aylott, P., \u201cModeling for Preliminary Stray Current Design Assessments: The Effect of Cross Track Regeneration Supply\u201c, Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, vol.28, no.3, pp.1899, 1908, July 2013.<\/li><li><strong>Charalambous, C.A.<\/strong>; Cotton, I.; Aylott, P.; Kokkinos, N.D., \u201cA Holistic Stray Current Assessment of Bored Tunnel Sections of DC Transit Systems,\u201d Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on , vol.28, no.2, pp.1048,1056, April 2013.<\/li><li><strong>C.A. Charalambous<\/strong>, I. Cotton, P. Aylott, \u2018\u2019A simulation tool to predict the impact of soil topologies on coupling between a light rail system and buried third party infrastructure\u2019\u2019 , Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 57, No. 3, pages: 1404-1416, May 2008.<\/li><li><strong>C.A .Charalambous<\/strong>, I. Cotton, \u2018\u2018Influence of soil structures on corrosion performance of floating DC Transit Systems\u2019\u2019, IET Electric Power Applications (formerly IEE Proceedings), Vol. 1, Issue 1, pages: 9-16, January 2007.<\/li><li>I. Cotton, <strong>C.A. Charalambous<\/strong>, P. Ernst, P. Aylott, \u2018\u2018Stray Current Control in DC Mass Transit Systems\u2019\u2019, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 54, No. 2, pages: 722 \u2013 730, March 2005.<\/li><li>\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DC Stray Current Interference: D.C. systems may cause currents to flow in the earth or any other electrolyte, whether intentional&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2407","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/psm.porcupinecolors.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2407","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/psm.porcupinecolors.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/psm.porcupinecolors.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/psm.porcupinecolors.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/psm.porcupinecolors.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2407"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/psm.porcupinecolors.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2407\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2412,"href":"https:\/\/psm.porcupinecolors.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2407\/revisions\/2412"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/psm.porcupinecolors.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}